英文 | https://javascript.plainenglish.io/15-utility-types-that-every-typescript-developer-should-know-6cf121d4047c
/*** Make all properties in T optional.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Partial<T> = {[P in keyof T]?: T[P];};
/*** Make all properties in T required.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Required<T> = {[P in keyof T]-?: T[P];};
/*** Make all properties in T readonly.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Readonly<T> = {readonly [P in keyof T]: T[P];};
/*** Construct a type with a set of properties K of type T.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Record<K extends keyof any, T> = {[P in K]: T;};
/*** Exclude from T those types that are assignable to U.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Exclude<T, U> = T extends U ? never : T;
/*** Extract from T those types that are assignable to U.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Extract<T, U> = T extends U ? T : never;
/*** From T, pick a set of properties whose keys are in the union K.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Pick<T, K extends keyof T> = {[P in K]: T[P];};
/*** Construct a type with the properties of T except for those* in type K.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Omit<T, K extends keyof any> = Pick<T, Exclude<keyof T, K>>;
/*** Exclude null and undefined from T.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type NonNullable<T> = T extends null | undefined ? never : T;
/*** Obtain the parameters of a function type in a tuple.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type Parameters<T extends (...args: any) => any> = T extends(...args: infer P) => any ? P : never;
/*** Obtain the return type of a function type.* typescript/lib/lib.es5.d.ts*/type ReturnType<T extends (...args: any) => any> = T extends (...args: any) => infer R ? R : any;
ConstructorParameters<Type>：根据构造函数类型的类型构造元组或数组类型。它产生一个包含所有参数类型的元组类型（如果 Type 不是函数，则类型 never ）。 InstanceType<Type>：构造一个由Type中构造函数的实例类型组成的类型。 ThisParameterType<Type>：为函数类型提取此参数的类型，如果函数类型没有此参数，则为未知。
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